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Self-Organization Only Possible Far From Equilibrium—Machines Making Machines

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Self-Organization Only Possible Far From Equilibrium—Machines Making Machines

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  • Author: William Irvine
Equilibrium self-assembly, the growth of crystals, alloys, colloidal, and polymer structures, has been known for thousands of years and understood fundamentally over the past two centuries from the development of statistical mechanics. Potential energies and entropy together provide us with thermodynamic potentials that through diffusive motion, guide particles to configurations in which these thermodynamic potentials are minimized. The materials and structures formed can be programmed from the specific interactions of the particles and lead to static configurations.

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