Indium Phosphide Based IQ-Modulators for Coherent Pluggable Optical Transceivers
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Indium Phosphide Based IQ-Modulators for Coherent Pluggable Optical Transceivers
- Author:
Efthymios Rouvalis
Digital coherent transmission has become the dominant choice of technology for long haul transmission at bit rates of 100 Gb/s, 200 Gb/s, 400 Gb/s and beyond. Polarization multiplexing and advanced modulation formats such as QPSK and 16-QAM are in extensive use in spectrally efficient DWDM transmission systems. The required flexibility in the transmitted data rates comes mostly from the deployment of different advanced modulation formats generated by driving electronics while the underlying optical hardware has to remain transparent to the data rate, the modulation format, and the wavelength of the channel that is being in use.
