A low Insertion Loss and Low Vp InP IQ Modulator for Advanced Modulation Formats
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A low Insertion Loss and Low Vp InP IQ Modulator for Advanced Modulation Formats
- Author:
Efthymios Rouvalis, Christiene Metzger, André Charpentier, Tim Ayling, Steffen Schmid, Marko Gruner, Detlef Hoffmann, Michael Hamacher, Gerrit Fiol, Martin Schell
Long reach optical transmission systems have tremendously benefited from the deployment of digital coherent technology. In particular, 100G coherent technology based on polarization multiplexing and QPSK has become the standard choice for spectrally efficient long-haul transmission. However, modulation formats such as 16-QAM or even formats with higher spectral efficiency are essential for flexible spectrum allocation and transparent network management. The underlying optical hardware should then be able to operate transparently for variable modulation formats and channel allocation.
