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Laser Power Density versus Energy Density

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Laser Power Density versus Energy Density

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In most scientific disciplines, including chemistry and electrical engineering, “power density” and “energy density” typically describe a three-dimensional volume. However, in optical sciences the terms are typically used to describe a two-dimensional area, unless described as “volumetric.” Power density, energy density, fluence, and irradiance are often used interchangeably in the optics industry, which can be completely inaccurate, especially if it is not clear if the metric is a two- or three-dimensional value. This is particularly important for laser cutting and welding applications because the depth of laser penetration must be considered as opposed to simply encountering the surface. Volumetric values are typically more applicable to these situations and is an important distinction that must be understood to avoid miscommunication.

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