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Spinning disc confocal microscopy in the NIR-II window

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Spinning disc confocal microscopy in the NIR-II window

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The second NIR window (NIR-II, 900 - 1700 nm) is of recent interest due to its superior penetration depth, reduced tissue absorption and decreased photon scattering compared to the visible and shorter NIR wavelength range (Fan 2019, Carr 2018, Diao 2015, Hong 2014). This is because photon scattering is scaled within biological tissues via λ-α (where α = 0.2-4 dependent on tissue type) (Fan 2019, Diao 2015). NIR-II wavelengths also reduce background autofluorescence, with background autofluorescence becoming negligible with wavelengths above 1500 nm.

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