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Optogenetics

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Optogenetics

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Optogenetics combines genetic and optical techniques to selectively and specifically modulate signaling pathways in intact living organisms using light. This rapidly expanding field has been driven by developments in ultrafast laser and microscope technologies. Using a microscope, laser light can be focused precisely on specific neurons containing light sensitive ion channels, or opsins, and causes those neurons to activate and signal each other. Fluorescent proteins that are sensitive to calcium or voltage can be used to visualize this activation non-invasively. As neuroscientists develop new genetic light sensitive tools, high peak power fs lasers for two-photon activation have developed in parallel.

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