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Fiber Optic Physics

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Fiber Optic Physics

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Optical fiber and fiber optic cables are used as a means to transport optical energy and information over short or long distances. In combination with semiconductor laser diodes and photoreceivers, optical fibers have enabled the rapid development and proliferation of fiber optic telecommunication systems over the past thirty years. Optical fibers are circular cross section dielectric waveguides consisting of a central core surrounded by a concentric cladding with a slightly lower (by ≈ 1%) refractive index. They are typically made of silica with index-modifying dopants such as GeO2. A fiber optical cable is an optical fiber enclosed in a protective coating. This allows for ease of handling, reduces cross talk between adjacent fibers, and suppresses loss that occurs when fibers are pressed against rough surfaces.

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