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The Reciprocity Theorem

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The Reciprocity Theorem

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A useful property of grating efficiency is that embodied in the reciprocity theorem,100 which states that (under certain conditions) reversing the direction of the beam diffracted by a grating will leave its diffraction efficiency unchanged. Stated another way, the reciprocity theorem says that the grating efficiency for wavelength λ in order m is unchanged under the transformation α ↔ β. This equivalence follows from the periodic nature of the grating and is strictly true for perfectlyconducting gratings and lossless dielectric gratings illuminated by an incident plane wave.

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